Protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division, serving as a marker of biological aging.
FULL EXPLANATION
Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes that protect genetic data during cell division. Like the plastic tips on shoelaces, they prevent chromosomes from fraying or sticking together.
With each cell division, telomeres shorten slightly. When they become too short, cells enter senescence or die. Telomere length is considered a biomarker of biological (rather than chronological) age, with shorter telomeres associated with aging and age-related diseases.
WHY IT MATTERS
Telomere length correlates with biological aging, disease risk, and potentially lifespan. Lifestyle factors can influence the rate of telomere shortening.
HOW TO IMPROVE
Support telomere maintenance through regular exercise, stress reduction (especially chronic stress), adequate sleep, Mediterranean-style diet, and avoiding smoking.
NORMAL RANGES
Telomere length is typically measured in kilobases and compared to age-matched norms. Longer than average for age suggests younger biological age.
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